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Homocysteine.

L J Langman1, D E Cole

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON.

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|September 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Homocysteine, a metabolite linked to vascular disease and neural tube defects, is regulated by B vitamins and genetics. Elevated levels (hyperhomocysteinemia) may increase risks, prompting interest in vitamin supplementation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Homocysteine is a metabolite derived from methionine demethylation.
  • Its metabolism is influenced by nutrient intake (folate, vitamins B6, B12) and genetic factors.
  • Elevated homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) is linked to thrombophilia and vascular endothelium damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the clinical significance of homocysteine.
  • To investigate its role as a risk factor for cardiovascular and occlusive diseases.
  • To examine its association with neural tube defects and later-life vaso-occlusive disease.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels.
  • Consideration of analytical covariates like albumin, urate, creatinine, and vitamin concentrations.

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  • Interpretation of tHcy in context of age, sex, renal function, and hormonal status.

    • Main Results:

    • Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) is an established clinical risk factor for coronary artery disease and other occlusive vascular diseases.
    • Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with neural tube defects in pregnancies and increased risk for vaso-occlusive disease.
    • Accurate tHcy assaying requires careful sample handling and consideration of multiple influencing factors.

    Conclusions:

    • Homocysteine's role in pathogenesis suggests potential therapeutic benefits from vitamin supplementation.
    • Increased intake of folate and B vitamins is being considered for at-risk populations.
    • Understanding homocysteine metabolism is crucial for managing vascular and developmental risks.