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[Self-reference effect and real, ideal, and social selves].

T Horiuchi1

  • 1Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science, Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education, Nagoya University.

Shinrigaku Kenkyu : the Japanese Journal of Psychology
|September 17, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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The study shows that thinking about your ideal and social self, not just your real self, improves memory recall. Associating information with any aspect of self-knowledge enhances the self-reference effect.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Context:

  • The self-reference effect, a memory enhancement phenomenon, is typically studied using the real self.
  • Previous research assumed the real self is the sole driver of this effect.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the influence of the ideal self and social self on the self-reference effect.
  • To determine if different types of self-referent processing yield unique memory benefits.

Summary:

  • Experiments demonstrated that recall was superior in ideal-, social-, and real-self conditions compared to a semantic condition.
  • No significant differences in recall were found among the three self-referent conditions.
  • Further experiments revealed that each self-referent task (real, ideal, social) encoded unique information, suggesting distinct cognitive processes.

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Impact:

  • Findings indicate that ideal and social selves are robust cognitive structures, similar to the real self.
  • The study supports the critical role of self-knowledge, encompassing multiple self-aspects, in memory formation and retrieval.