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Published on: May 23, 2021
Prevalence of external auditory canal exostoses in surfers
B J Wong1, W Cervantes, K J Doyle
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California at Irvine, Orange 92868, USA. BJFWONG@BLI.UCI.EDU
Objective:
To determine (1) the prevalence of external auditory exostoses in a population of surfers and (2) the relationship between the length of time spent surfing and the prevalence, severity, and location of the exostoses.
Design:
Cross-sectional epidemiological study.
Setting:
General community.
Patients:
Three hundred seven avid surfers (93.5% males and 6.5% females; age distributions: 11.2% were < or =20, 67.9% were 21 to 40, 17.5% were 41 to 50, and 3.3% were >50 years).
Main Outcome Measures:
Questionnaires focusing on surfing habits (number of years, geographic region, and number of days per year of surfing) were correlated with otoscopic findings. A simple grading system was devised, based on the degree of external auditory canal stenosis. Grades of normal, mild, moderate, and severe corresponded to 100%, 99% to 66%, 65% to 33%, and less than 33% effective patent surface area, respectively.
Results:
There was a 73.5% overall prevalence of external auditory exostoses and a 19.2% overall prevalence of osteomas in the group studied. Of 441 ears with exostoses, 54.2% were mild, 23.6% were moderate, and 22.2% were severe. Of individuals who had surfed for 10 years or less, 44.7% had normal ear canals and only 6% had severely obstructed auditory canals. In comparison, in the group that had surfed for longer than 20 years, only 9.1% had normal auditory canals and 16.2% were severely affected. Of surfers with no exostoses, 61.1% had surfed for 10 years or less. In contrast, of surfers with severe exostoses, 82.4% had surfed for more than 10 years. Finally, the lesions seemed to affect all external auditory canal quadrants equally.
Conclusion:
A positive association exists between the amount of time individuals spend surfing and the presence and severity of exostoses of the external auditory canal.
