Triple images on panoramic radiographs
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 19, 2026

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography
Published on: July 22, 2022
I Reuter1, W Ritter, G Kaeppler
1Institut für Zahnärztliche Röntgenologie, Zentrum für Zahn- Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Westf. Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
Objective:
To explain the formation of triple images on panoramic radiographs.
Methods:
A metal test object was placed in defined positions in relation to movement path of a panoramic X-ray beam.
Results:
The test object was portrayed once, twice or three times with varying degrees of distortion depending on its location. Triple images were formed when the test object was located in a specific diamond-shaped area distal to the path of the rotation centre of the X-ray beam.
Conclusions:
The formation of triple images on panoramic radiographs can be explained on the basis of known projection geometry.
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