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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
15:57

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

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Interferon gamma for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusions.

S Wongtim1, U Silachamroon, K Ruxrungtham

  • 1Division of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

Thorax
|September 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in pleural fluid is a highly sensitive and specific marker for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) in patients with lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion. This diagnostic test offers significant value in identifying TB cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Tuberculosis diagnosis in lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion can be challenging.
  • Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) has been investigated as a potential biomarker.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of pleural fluid IFN-gamma concentrations for tuberculosis.
  • To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio of IFN-gamma as a TB marker.

Main Methods:

  • Patients with lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion were enrolled.
  • Pleural fluid and tissue samples were analyzed for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cytology, and AFB staining.
  • IFN-gamma levels in pleural fluid were measured using immunoassay.
  • Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios.

Main Results:

  • Tuberculosis was confirmed in 39 out of 66 patients.
  • Mean pleural fluid IFN-gamma levels were significantly higher in the tuberculous group (1493.3 pg/ml) compared to the non-tuberculous group (80.1 pg/ml).
  • At a cutoff of 240 pg/ml, IFN-gamma demonstrated 94.9% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity for TB diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Pleural fluid IFN-gamma concentration is a valuable and effective diagnostic marker for tuberculosis presenting as lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion.
  • The high sensitivity and specificity support its use in clinical settings for TB diagnosis.