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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Immuno-fluorescence Assay of Leptospiral Surface-exposed Proteins
Published on: July 1, 2011
Unilateral leptospiral pneumonia and cold agglutinin disease
B Bowsher1, C W Callahan, D A Person
1Department of Pediatrics, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859-5000, USA.
Abstract:
Pneumonia that is unresponsive to appropriate antibiotic therapy suggests an infection due to more unusual or resistant organisms. In this report, a child with unilateral pneumonia, pleural effusion, and anti-I cold hemagglutinin antibodies is presented. The usual causes of this clinical picture were suspected and treated, but the child did not improve. Features of her history suggested a more unusual etiology, and a diagnosis of leptospirosis was made. A brief discussion of leptospiral disease in children is provided.
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