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Updated: Aug 9, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Published on: October 16, 2021
Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty
C E Mayes1, J E Cigarroa, R A Lange
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9047, USA.
Abstract:
Almost all mitral stenosis (MS) is rheumatic in etiology. The patient with MS who is symptomatic despite medical therapy should undergo percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty or mitral valvular surgery (commissurotomy or replacement). The choice of procedure is determined by patient preference and the echocardiographic morphologic features of the valvular and subvalvular apparati. With balloon valvuloplasty, the rate of success is > 90%. At institutions where operators are experienced with balloon valvuloplasty and open surgical commissurotomy, their acute and long-term results are comparable. Balloon valvuloplasty occasionally is associated with complications, including death in 0 to 1%, moderate or severe valvular regurgitation in 3 to 5%, and systemic embolization in 1 to 3%.
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