Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

456
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
456
Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience01:18

Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience

157
Self-esteem, a crucial component of psychological development, is significantly shaped by familial experiences. The early parent-child relationship serves as a foundational influence on a child's self-concept, with long-lasting effects extending into adolescence and adulthood.Parental Behaviors and Early Self-Esteem FormationEmpirical studies have identified four principal parental behaviors that foster healthy self-esteem in children. These include expressions of acceptance, affection, and...
157
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

247
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
247
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

448
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
448
Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture01:27

Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture

208
Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
208
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.8K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of substance use screening and brief intervention on health-related quality of life.

Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation·2018
Same author

Enhanced adaptive capacities after brief treatment for depression.

Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research·2012
Same author

Factors related to medication adherence in memory disorder clinic patients.

Aging & mental health·2006
Same author

Pathways toward educational achievement among African American and Puerto Rican adolescent mothers: reexamining the role of social support from families.

Development and psychopathology·2006
Same author

Volunteering and community service in adolescence.

Adolescent medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2001
Same author

Commentary: the therapeutic process and professional boundary guidelines.

The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law·2001

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice
06:15

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Published on: July 15, 2025

1.2K

A multivariate model of gender differences in adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems.

B J Leadbeater1, G P Kuperminc, S J Blatt

  • 1Department of Psychology, Yale University, USA. bleadbea@uvic.ca

Developmental Psychology
|September 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals gender influences on adolescent mental health. Girls’ internalizing symptoms link to relationship vulnerabilities, while boys’ externalizing problems relate to self-critical vulnerabilities.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.3K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 8, 2026

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice
06:15

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Published on: July 15, 2025

1.2K
Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice
07:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding Adolescent Social Adversity Effects on Neurodevelopment in Mice

Published on: March 15, 2024

2.3K
Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
09:07

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Published on: February 23, 2015

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Mental Health

Background:

  • Gender differences in mental health are well-documented.
  • Understanding the interplay of vulnerabilities and life events is crucial for adolescent well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test a multivariate theoretical model on gender's moderating effects on adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems.
  • To examine how interpersonal and self-critical vulnerabilities, stress reactivity, relationships, and self-concepts influence these problems.

Main Methods:

  • A 1-year prospective study.
  • Data collected from an ethnically diverse sample of 460 middle school students.
  • Multivariate statistical modeling to analyze gender differences.

Main Results:

  • Girls' internalizing symptoms were linked to stable interpersonal vulnerabilities and parent/peer relationships.
  • Boys' externalizing problems were associated with stable self-critical vulnerabilities.
  • Most pathway coefficients were similar across genders.

Conclusions:

  • Gender moderates adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems through distinct vulnerability pathways.
  • Interpersonal factors are key for girls' internalizing issues, while self-criticism impacts boys' externalizing issues.
  • The findings support a nuanced understanding of gender in adolescent psychopathology.