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Related Experiment Videos

Planning ahead: goal-directed problem solving by 2-year-olds.

P J Bauer1, J A Schwade, S S Wewerka

  • 1Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455-0345, USA. pbauer@maroon.tc.umn.edu

Developmental Psychology
|September 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Young children demonstrate planning abilities when solving novel problems. Providing goal-state configuration information significantly aids young children

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Problem-Solving Skills

Background:

  • Infants and young children exhibit planning capabilities when faced with obstacles to reach a goal.
  • Previous research indicates varying levels of planning based on task complexity and goal representation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the planning abilities of 21- and 27-month-old children in constructing paths to mentally re-presented goals.
  • To examine how different types and amounts of cue information influence children's problem-solving strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted with 21- and 27-month-old infants and toddlers.
  • Participants were presented with tasks requiring path construction to a goal, with variations in cue provision (goal-state configuration, initial step demonstration).

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Both age groups showed evidence of planning after exposure to the goal-state configuration.
  • Demonstrating the initial step was less effective than showing the goal state.
  • Goal-state configuration information proved particularly effective in facilitating performance, even when more of the path was specified.

Conclusions:

  • Young children can productively generate solutions to novel problems.
  • Planning in young children is significantly facilitated by goal-state configuration information, highlighting its importance in cognitive development.