Localization and activity of nitric oxide synthases in the gastrointestinal tract of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice

Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, is associated with gastrointestinal abnormalities. Since nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a factor influencing intestinal function we evaluated the distributions and activities of the NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, in the gut of mice infected with T. cruzi. Ca2+-dependent (NOS1/NOS3) activity was decreased, whereas Ca2+-independent (NOS2) activity was increased in infected mice. NOS2-immunoreactivity was demonstrated in cells within the muscle layers and epithelium in infected mice and NOS1 immunoreactivity was seen in nerve structures. These data indicate that alterations in the NO-system may be important in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal manifestations in Chagas' disease.