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Risk factors of cardiovascular diseases
Z Gerová1, I Panákova, M Matuśková
1National Centrum for Health and Health Promotion Centre Bratislava Promotion, Slovakia.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease risk factors like obesity and high blood pressure are highly prevalent in Bratislava citizens. Only 13% were free of any risk factors, highlighting a significant public health concern.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of premature mortality in Slovakia.
- Focus on primary CVD prevention and health promotion is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the occurrence and mean values of major CVD risk factors in Bratislava citizens.
- To identify prevalent risk factors in a population engaged in health promotion activities.
Main Methods:
- Standardized methods were used to assess major CVD risk factors.
- Criteria aligned with European and national medical society guidelines were applied.
- Data collected from 2480 Bratislava citizens at a Community Health Promotion Center.
Main Results:
- Overweight and obesity were the most frequent risk factors (64% men, 59% women).
- Elevated blood pressure was observed in 52% of men and 32% of women.
- High cholesterol (53% men, 54% women) and low HDL cholesterol (55% men, 43% women) were common.
Conclusions:
- A significant clustering of CVD risk factors was observed, with only 13% of the population free of any risk factors.
- Results differ from previous CINDI SR screening findings from 1992.
- Further studies will evaluate the impact of complex individual interventions.
Background:
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature mortality of women and men in Slovak republic.
The Aim:
The occurrence and mean values of major CVD risk factors were assessed in a population of 2480 Bratislava citizens (2/3 of them were women) interested in health promotion and primary CVD prevention activities in Community Health Promotion Center.
Methods:
Major CVD risk factors were assessed, using standard methods, and criteria, in accordance with the guidelines of European and national medical societies.
Main Results:
The greatest proportion of visitors, both women and men, were in their forties. 73% of all women and 70% of all men were aged 30-59 yrs. The most frequent risk factors, were overweight and obesity, present in 64% of men and 59% of women. Of them, central type obesity was found in 30% of men, 15% of women. In 52% of men and 32% of women elevated casual blood pressure was assessed at the first visit. Of the total, in 27% of men and 21% of women, the BP elevation was within the range of borderline hypertension. In 25% of men and 11% women the BP values were within the mild to severe hypertension range. Elevated blood cholesterol was assessed in 53% of men and 54% of women, lowered HDL cholesterol in 55% of men and 43% of women. Elevated TC/HDL-C ratio was found in 60% of men and in 35% of women. Triglyceride level elevation was assessed in 24% of men and in 17% of women, with TGL/HDL-C ratio raised in 66% of these men and in 40% of these women.
Conclusions:
In assessment of CVD risk factors clustering, our results are different from the results of CINDI SR screening from 1992. In our study, only 13% persons were free of any CVD risk factors. One risk factor was found in 21.1%, two of them in 29.9%, three in 29.8% and four in 6.2% of the population screened. Evaluation of the effect of complex individual intervention in our center will be the subject of our next study. (Fig. 5, Tab. 5, Ref. 11.)