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[Nuclear receptors]
1Unité 135 INSERM, Hormones, Gènes et Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
Abstract:
Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of transcriptional regulators including both classical hormone receptors and orphan receptors. The functional anatomy of the receptors is described as well as their interaction with coactivators, cointegrators and corepressors. Nuclear receptors activate and inhibit gene transcription by regulating histone acetylases and histone deacetylases. Receptor isoforms (oestrogen receptors alpha and beta), ligands exerting differential effects on the same receptor and the mechanism of action of antihormones are discussed.
Insights
Nuclear receptors regulate gene transcription via interactions with coactivators and corepressors. This review covers receptor anatomy, isoforms, ligands, and antihormone mechanisms, highlighting their role in gene regulation.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Endocrinology
Context:
- Nuclear receptors are crucial transcriptional regulators.
- They encompass classical hormone receptors and orphan receptors.
- Understanding their function is key to various biological processes.
Purpose:
- To describe the functional anatomy of nuclear receptors.
- To explain their interactions with coactivators, cointegrators, and corepressors.
- To discuss receptor isoforms, ligand effects, and antihormone mechanisms.
Summary:
- Nuclear receptors modulate gene transcription by influencing histone acetylases and deacetylases.
- The review details the structure and function of these receptors.
- Specific examples include oestrogen receptors alpha and beta, and the action of antihormones.
Impact:
- Provides a comprehensive overview of nuclear receptor superfamily.
- Elucidates mechanisms of gene activation and inhibition by nuclear receptors.
- Informs research on hormonal signaling and therapeutic interventions.