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Related Experiment Videos

Screening tests for autoimmune-related immunotoxicity.

R Pieters1, R Albers

  • 1Research Institute of Toxicology (RITOX)-Immunotoxicology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. r.pieters@ritox.vet.uu.nl

Environmental Health Perspectives
|September 30, 1999
PubMed
Summary

The popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) shows promise for screening chemical-induced autoimmune risks. Various PLNA types can identify immunostimulating chemicals, aiding in predicting adverse autoimmune effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunotoxicology
  • Environmental Health
  • Drug Safety

Background:

  • Many chemicals can trigger or worsen autoimmune diseases in humans.
  • Standard toxicity tests often fail to detect these complex adverse effects.
  • Validated predictive animal models for chemical-induced autoimmunity are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) for screening systemic immunosensitizing and autoimmunogenic potential.
  • To discuss various PLNA types and their relevance to chemically induced immunostimulation.
  • To assess the utility of PLNA in predicting chemical-induced autoimmune effects.

Main Methods:

  • Description of primary PLNA: measuring popliteal lymph node enlargement post-injection.
  • Explanation of secondary and modified PLNAs for assessing T-cell involvement and anamnestic responses.

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  • Review of over 100 compounds tested, including drugs and environmental pollutants.

    • Main Results:

    • Primary PLNA distinguishes immunostimulating from innocent chemicals.
    • Secondary and modified PLNAs assess T-cell mediated responses and sensitization.
    • Results show good correlation with known autoimmunogenic and allergic potentials.
    • No false negatives were observed when chemical metabolism was considered.

    Conclusions:

    • PLNA is a promising tool for (pre)screening autoimmunogenic potential of chemicals.
    • Secondary and modified PLNAs are valuable for mechanistic insights.
    • Further validation is needed before widespread adoption as a standard test for autoimmunogenicity.