Adverse events associated with balloon rupture during percutaneous coronary intervention

A W Chan1, A Rabinowitz, J G Webb

  • 1St Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.

Insights

Coronary angioplasty balloon rupture is a rare complication. Most patients experience no adverse outcomes, with rates of death and emergency bypass surgery similar to those without rupture.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Complications

Background:

  • Balloon rupture during coronary angioplasty is a known complication.
  • Existing literature presents conflicting data on the adverse consequences of balloon rupture.
  • This study reviews the experience with balloon rupture at St. Paul's Hospital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical outcomes and adverse events associated with coronary angioplasty balloon rupture.
  • To compare the incidence of major adverse events in patients with and without balloon rupture.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with balloon rupture from April 1992 to March 1996.
  • Detailed analysis of procedural logs, hospital records, and cineangiograms.
  • Identification of adverse events including death, emergency bypass surgery, and myocardial infarction.

Main Results:

  • Out of 2984 procedures, 110 (3.7%) experienced balloon rupture, primarily in native coronary arteries (92%).
  • Stents were used in 40% of cases.
  • 93% of patients had an event-free post-procedure hospitalization; 7% experienced adverse events, including death, urgent bypass surgery, and myocardial infarction.
  • The rates of death and emergency bypass surgery did not significantly differ between patients with and without balloon rupture (1.8% vs. 1.4%).

Conclusions:

  • Coronary angioplasty balloon rupture generally does not lead to excess major adverse clinical outcomes.
  • Patients typically demonstrate good angiographic results and an event-free hospitalization post-rupture.
  • The incidence of adverse events is comparable to the general angioplasty population.
Abstract

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