Origins of mitochondria and hydrogenosomes

Complete genome sequences for many mitochondria, as well as for some bacteria, together with the nuclear genome sequence of yeast have provided a coherent view of the origin of mitochondria. In particular, conventional phylogenetic reconstructions with genes coding for proteins active in energy metabolism and translation have confirmed the simplest version of the endosymbiosis hypothesis. In contrast, the hydrogen and the syntrophy hypotheses for the origin of mitochondria do not receive support from the available data. It remains to be seen how the evolution of hydrogenosomes is related to that of mitochondria.