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Heritabilities of teat end shape and teat diameter and their relationships with somatic cell score.

M A Chrystal1, A J Seykora, L B Hansen

  • 1Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.

Journal of Dairy Science
|October 6, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Teat shape and diameter in Holstein cows are heritable traits. Wider teat diameters are linked to higher somatic cell scores, indicating potential udder health impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Dairy Cattle Genetics
  • Udder Health

Background:

  • Teat end morphology and dimensions are crucial for milking machine function and udder health.
  • Understanding the heritability and genetic correlations of these traits can inform breeding strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To categorize teat end shapes and measure teat diameters in Holstein cows.
  • To estimate the heritability and repeatability of teat end shape and diameter.
  • To investigate the genetic correlation between teat end shape, teat diameter, and somatic cell scores (SCS).

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of teat end shapes and classification of teat end lesions in 1740 Holstein cows across nine herds.
  • Measurement of teat diameters 1.5 cm from the teat end.
  • Estimation of repeatability and heritability for teat end shape and diameter.
  • Analysis of linear somatic cell scores (SCS) in relation to teat end shape, teat end lesion, and teat diameter.

Main Results:

  • Round teat ends were most frequent (43%), followed by round ring (16%) and round disk (11%).
  • Heritability estimates for teat end shape ranged from 0.44 to 0.56, while for teat diameter, they ranged from 0.23 to 0.35.
  • A significant positive genetic correlation (0.64) was found between teat end shape and teat diameter.
  • Wider teat diameters were significantly associated with higher SCS, but teat end shape and lesions did not significantly affect SCS.

Conclusions:

  • Teat end shape and diameter are moderately to highly heritable traits in Holstein cows.
  • Wider teat diameters are a risk factor for increased somatic cell scores, suggesting a potential impact on udder health.
  • Breeding programs could consider teat diameter as a selection trait to potentially improve udder health outcomes.