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Human enterobiasis in evolution: origin, specificity and transmission.

J P Hugot1, K J Reinhard, S L Gardner

  • 1Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Biosystématique (FR 1541 CNRS), Paris, France. hugot@cimrs1.mnhn.fr

Parasite (Paris, France)
|October 8, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Human pinworm (Enterobius) transmission likely co-evolved with humans, favoring direct contact. Airborne transmission emerged as an adaptation to early sedentary life in caves.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Paleoanthropology

Background:

  • The origin of human pinworms (Enterobius) is often explained by co-evolution.
  • Two transmission routes exist: direct oral/anal and indirect airborne.

Observation:

  • Direct transmission is common in primates.
  • Airborne transmission of Enterobius has been documented in humans.
  • Neolithic human coprolites from North American caves show higher pinworm prevalence in less-ventilated sites.

Findings:

  • Airborne transmission of pinworms is an evolutionary innovation specific to the human-Enterobius relationship.
  • This transmission route appears to have been favored by a shift towards sedentary lifestyles, particularly in cave dwellings.

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Implications:

  • Understanding pinworm transmission provides insights into early human behavior and adaptation.
  • This research highlights how environmental changes can drive parasite evolution and transmission dynamics.