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Local lymph node assay: use in hazard and risk assessment
R J Dearman1, D A Basketter, I Kimber
1Astra Zeneca Central Toxicology Laboratory, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK. Rebecca.Dearman@CTL.Zeneca.com
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT
|October 8, 1999
Summary
The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a validated, ethical alternative for identifying skin sensitizers. It provides quantitative data for risk assessment and is endorsed by ICCVAM for standalone skin sensitization testing.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Dermatology
- Immunology
Background:
- Skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis are significant health concerns.
- Traditional guinea pig tests have limitations in objectivity and animal welfare.
- The murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) was developed as an alternative to traditional methods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the validation status and application of the LLNA for skin sensitization testing.
- To highlight the benefits of the LLNA over conventional guinea pig methods.
- To discuss the LLNA's utility in assessing relative potency for risk assessment.
Main Methods:
- The LLNA involves assessing lymphocyte proliferation in draining lymph nodes after chemical exposure.
- Extensive inter-laboratory trials and comparisons with guinea pig data and human data have been conducted.
- The review details the assay's conduct, interpretation, and procedural modifications.
Main Results:
- The LLNA has been extensively validated through collaborative trials.
- The US ICCVAM has endorsed the LLNA as a standalone method for skin sensitization testing.
- The LLNA offers objective, quantitative endpoints and improved animal welfare compared to guinea pig tests.
Conclusions:
- The LLNA is a scientifically validated and ethically superior method for skin sensitization testing.
- Widespread adoption of the LLNA is encouraged to realize its benefits.
- The LLNA is valuable for determining relative potency and informing risk assessments.