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Leishmaniasis.

B L Herwaldt1

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA. bxh4@cdc.gov

Lancet (London, England)
|October 8, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Leishmaniasis, a sandfly-borne disease, remains a threat globally, evolving with new settings like AIDS-associated cases. Advances in treatment exist, but accessible diagnostics and prevention methods are urgently needed.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania donovani, was first described in 1903.
  • The disease presents in visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal forms, with epidemics occurring periodically.
  • Leishmaniasis has emerged in new regions and as an opportunistic infection in AIDS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical and current features of leishmaniasis.
  • To highlight changes and continuities in the disease over the past century.
  • To identify pressing needs for future research and application.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and contemporary literature on leishmaniasis.
  • Analysis of disease epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities.
Keywords:
DiseasesExaminations And DiagnosesLaboratory Examinations And DiagnosesLeishmaniasisParasitic DiseasesSigns And SymptomsTreatmentWorld

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  • Discussion of immunological and pathogenetic aspects.

    • Main Results:

    • Leishmaniasis persists as a significant global health issue with evolving epidemiology.
    • Classic diagnostic methods are still used, with molecular approaches under development.
    • Pentavalent antimony compounds remain standard therapy, with amphotericin B formulations offering an advance for visceral leishmaniasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite advances, accessible and field-applicable methods for leishmaniasis diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are lacking.
    • Translating technological progress in immunology and pathogenesis into practical tools is crucial.
    • Continued research is needed to combat the changing landscape of leishmaniasis.