Synaptic plasticity in kindling

Kindling is an experimental model of epilepsy resulting from progressive activity-dependent changes in neuronal structure and function. During kindling, pathologic changes occur at various levels of organization of the nervous system, ranging from altered gene-expression in individual neurons to the loss of specific neuronal populations and the rearrangement of synaptic connections. This chapter summarizes recent findings about the long-lasting (plastic) nature of the alterations at the level of single neurons with emphasis on the role of altered excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptors. The modified synaptic ligand-gated ion channels (i.e., "epileptic receptors") may ultimately be responsible for the kindling epileptogenesis.