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[Anemia in hypothyroidism].

N Antonijević1, M Nesović, B Trbojević

  • 1Poliklinika Vizim, Beograd.

Medicinski Pregled
|October 13, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Hypothyroidism is frequently linked to various anemias, including microcytic, macrocytic, and normocytic types. Early diagnosis of hypothyroidism is crucial, as anemia can be its primary indicator.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Hematology

Context:

  • Anemias are prevalent in 20-60% of hypothyroidism patients.
  • Anemia can be the initial, sometimes only, sign of hypothyroidism.
  • Radioisotopic analysis is recommended for accurate anemia assessment in hypothyroidism due to altered plasma volume.

Purpose:

  • To elucidate the relationship between hypothyroidism and different types of anemia.
  • To highlight the diagnostic significance of anemia in identifying hypothyroidism.
  • To detail the mechanisms and characteristics of microcytic, macrocytic, and normocytic anemias in the context of thyroid dysfunction.

Summary:

  • Microcytic anemia is often linked to iron deficiency, while macrocytic anemia may involve vitamin B12 or folate malabsorption, or occur independently of nutritional deficits in hypothyroidism.
  • Normocytic anemia, or uncomplicated anemia, arises directly from thyroid hormone deficiency impacting erythropoiesis and is considered an adaptation to reduced basal metabolism.
  • Acanthocytosis in blood smears suggests hypothyroidism in approximately 90% of cases, underscoring its utility in diagnosis.

Impact:

  • Emphasizes the importance of considering hypothyroidism in unexplained anemia cases.
  • Provides a comprehensive overview of anemia classification and etiology in hypothyroid patients.
  • Suggests specific diagnostic markers like acanthocytosis for improved hypothyroidism detection.

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