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Related Experiment Videos

The relationship between glaucoma and myopia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.

P Mitchell1, F Hourihan, J Sandbach

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia. paulmi@westmed.wh.su.edu.au

Ophthalmology
|October 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Myopia significantly increases the risk of developing glaucoma in older adults. This study found that individuals with myopia have a two to threefold higher risk of glaucoma, independent of other risk factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a common refractive error.
  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.
  • The relationship between myopia and glaucoma risk in older populations requires further quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between myopia and the prevalence of open-angle glaucoma.
  • To examine the link between myopia and ocular hypertension (OH).
  • To assess the relationship between myopia and intraocular pressure (IOP) in an aging population.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, population-based study of 3654 Australian adults aged 49–97 years.
  • Myopia was defined as -1.0 diopter or worse, categorized into low (-1.0 to -3.0 D) and moderate-to-high (≥-3.0 D).

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  • Glaucoma diagnosed by visual field loss and optic disc changes; OH by elevated IOP (>21 mmHg) without glaucomatous changes. General estimating equation models were used.

    • Main Results:

    • Glaucoma prevalence was 4.2% in low myopia and 4.4% in moderate-to-high myopia, versus 1.5% in non-myopic eyes.
    • Myopia was independently associated with a 2.3-fold increased risk of glaucoma (low myopia) and a 3.3-fold increased risk (moderate-to-high myopia).
    • A borderline association was observed with ocular hypertension for low myopia (OR 1.8), but not for moderate-to-high myopia (OR 0.9). Mean IOP was slightly higher (0.5 mmHg) in myopic eyes.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant, independent association exists between myopia and open-angle glaucoma in older adults.
    • Myopic individuals face a substantially elevated risk of glaucoma, underscoring the need for targeted screening.
    • The link between myopia and ocular hypertension was less pronounced, and IOP differences were minimal.