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Immunoglobulin profile in HIV-1 infected children in Dar es Salaam
E F Lyamuya1, M I Matee, M Kasubi
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Insights
HIV-1 seropositive children exhibit significantly elevated immunoglobulin levels compared to seronegative children. This study found no correlation between immunoglobulin levels and clinical staging in pediatric HIV infection.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- HIV/AIDS Research
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection can impact the immune system.
- Immunoglobulins play a crucial role in humoral immunity.
- Understanding immunoglobulin profiles in pediatric HIV is essential for monitoring disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE) between HIV-1 seronegative and seropositive children.
- To investigate potential correlations between immunoglobulin levels and clinical stages of HIV infection in children.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 299 children aged 18 months to five years.
- Participants were recruited from mother and child clinics in Dar es Salaam.
- Serum levels of immunoglobulin classes IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE were measured.
Main Results:
- HIV-1 seropositive children demonstrated significantly higher mean serum levels for all immunoglobulin classes compared to seronegative children (p < 0.0001).
- Elevated percentages of HIV-infected children had immunoglobulin concentrations above the mean, ranging from 73% for IgD to 83% for IgG.
- Specific mean levels reported: IgG (22.9 vs 11.3 g/l), IgA (2.2 vs 1.0 g/l), IgM (2.7 vs 1.5 g/l), IgD (101.5 vs 27.8 IU/ml), and IgE (887.7 vs 341.3 IU/ml).
Conclusions:
- Children with HIV-1 infection show a marked increase in immunoglobulin levels compared to their HIV-negative counterparts.
- No association was found between the measured immunoglobulin classes and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) clinical staging of HIV infection in the studied pediatric population.
Objective:
To determine immunoglobulin levels in HIV-1 seronegative and HIV-1 seropositive children at different clinical stages of HIV infection.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
Lugalo and Mwanayamala mother and child clinics in Dar es Salaam.
Subjects:
Two hundred and ninety-nine children aged 18 months to five years.
Main Outcome Measures:
Estimation of immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE).
Results:
Mean serum levels of all immunoglobulin classes were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) among the HIV-1 seropositive children (IgG = 22.9 g/l, IgA = 2.2 g/l, IgM 2.7 g/l, IgD 101.5 IU/ml and IgE 887.7 IU/ml) than among the HIV-1 seronegative children (IgG = 11.3 g/l, IgA = 1.0 g/l, IgM = 1.5 g/l, IgD = 27.8 UI/ml and IgE 341.3 UI/ml). The percentages of HIV-infected children with immunoglobulin concentrations above mean level were 83% for IgG, 77% for IgA, 78% for IgM, 73% for IgD and 78% for IgE.
Conclusion:
HIV seropositive children have higher levels of immunoglobulin than seronegative children. There was no correlation between the levels of immunoglobulin classes and CDC clinical staging.