Antioxidant activity of active tannoid principles of Emblica officinalis (amla)

The antioxidant activity of tannoid active principles of E. officinalis consisting of emblicanin A (37%), emblicanin B (33%), punigluconin (12%) and pedunculagin (14%), was investigated on the basis of their effects on rat brain frontal cortical and striatal concentrations of the oxidative free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and lipid peroxidation, in terms of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products. The results were compared with effects induced by deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor with well documented antioxidant activity. The active tannoids of E. officinalis (EOT), administered in the doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p., and deprenyl (2 mg/kg, i.p.), induced an increase in both frontal cortical and striatal SOD, CAT and GPX activity, with concomitant decrease in lipid peroxidation in these brain areas when administered once daily for 7 days. Acute single administration of EOT and deprenyl had insignificant effects. The results also indicate that the antioxidant activity of E. officinalis may reside in the tannoids of the fruits of the plant, which have vitamin C-like properties, rather than vitamin C itself.