A study of the changes in facial profile after orthodontic treatment. Part 1. Comparison between the improved group...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the harmonious facial profile before and after orthodontic treatment on permanent dentition and to determine the factors which influence lateral facial harmony. Materials were lateral Roentgen cephalograms from 150 subjects (25 males and 25 females each in 3 groups--maxillary protrusion, mandibular protrusion and crowding--) taken before and after treatment. The average age before treatment was 11 years and 6 months and, after treatment, was 14 years and 3 months. The term of active treatment was 2 years and 9 months. Lateral facial evaluation based on the external profile line was performed by a group of 40 persons which included dental students and the general public. In the 5 stage evaluation, each subject could receive from 40 to 200 points. The subjects with more than 121 points were classified in the harmonious group; those with less than 120 points were classified in the disharmonious group. Subjects who had been classified as disharmonious before treatment but became harmonious after treatment constituted the improved group. Subjects classified disharmonious before treatment who remained disharmonious after treatment constituted the unimproved group. The value of the overall harmonious group before treatment was 8.6% and, after treatment, was 36.6%. The increase in the percentage of cases classified as harmonious varied among the different occlusal types: for the mandibular protrusion, the value before treatment was 2% and after treatment was 32%, for crowding it was 18% before and 46% after treatment, and for maxillary protrusion, it was 6% before and 32% after treatment. The ratio of percentage in the harmonious group increased on every malocclusion group after treatment, suggesting the importance of orthodontic treatment for improvement of lateral facial harmony. Before treatment, the morphological conditions in the improved group were more advantageous than those in the unimproved group.