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Related Experiment Videos

Fetal alcohol syndrome.

D Q Chan1

  • 1Illinois Eye Institute, Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago 60616, USA. dchan@eyecare.ico.edu

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|October 19, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) causes preventable birth defects. Early diagnosis, aided by eye care professionals recognizing ocular signs, is crucial for managing these systemic and vision deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Teratology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a significant cause of preventable birth defects in the U.S.
  • Caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, FAS leads to systemic and ocular anomalies.
  • Alcohol's teratogenic effects during gestation result in a spectrum of developmental issues.

Observation:

  • Case reports highlight characteristic FAS findings: growth retardation, cognitive impairment, and facial dysmorphism.
  • Ocular manifestations are common in FAS, including microphthalmia, strabismus, refractive errors, and optic nerve hypoplasia.
  • Specific ocular signs include small palpebral fissures, microcornea, myopia, astigmatism, and optic nerve hypoplasia.

Findings:

  • Fetal alcohol exposure results in a wide range of systemic defects and vision impairments.
  • The prevalence of ocular signs is a key diagnostic indicator for FAS.
  • Diagnosis of FAS can be challenging, underscoring the importance of recognizing its multifaceted presentation.

Implications:

  • Increased public awareness is needed due to rising alcohol consumption among pregnant women.
  • Eye care professionals play a vital role in diagnosing and managing patients with FAS.
  • Early identification and intervention can mitigate the long-term effects of fetal alcohol exposure on development and vision.

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