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Laterality patterns in infants with external birth defects.

L J Paulozzi1, J M Lary

  • 1National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. LBP4@cdc.gov

Teratology
|October 19, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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This study reveals that external birth defects show a lateral distribution, with nearly half occurring on the right side. Specific defects like inguinal hernia were more common on the right, while others like cleft lip were more frequent on the left.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Teratology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • The lateral distribution of external birth defects has not been comprehensively reported.
  • Understanding lateral patterns in congenital anomalies is crucial for etiological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the lateral distribution of unilateral external birth defects.
  • To identify specific defect types with significant left- or right-sided prevalence.
  • To explore correlations between defect laterality and sex.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 6,390 unilateral defects from 102 categories using Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program data.
  • Statistical examination of laterality for all defects and specific types.
  • Correlation analysis between the percentage of right-sided defects and the percentage of male subjects.

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Main Results:

  • Overall, 49% of unilateral defects were right-sided.
  • Males showed a higher prevalence of right-sided defects (51%) compared to females (47%).
  • Significant lateral excesses were found for 57 defect types on the right and 39 on the left, with specific examples provided for each.

Conclusions:

  • Differences in lateral distribution may stem from early embryonic left-right asymmetry and organogenesis.
  • Right-sided susceptibility might be linked to delayed mitochondrial maturation and prenatal hypoxia.
  • The correlation between right-sided defects and male sex suggests hormonal influences on susceptibility.