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Related Experiment Videos

Immunomodulation by iscoms, immune stimulating complexes.

B Morein1, K L Bengtsson

  • 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Bror.Morein@sva.se

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|October 20, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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ISCOMs are stable complexes that enhance immune responses by improving antigen presentation and cytokine production. These immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) show promise as effective adjuvants, particularly for elderly mice and in mucosal administration.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccine Adjuvants
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • ISCOMs are uniform, stable complexes comprising cholesterol, phospholipids, saponins, and antigens.
  • The ISCOM matrix, lacking antigen, shares identical composition, shape, and morphology.
  • Antigen incorporation into ISCOMs relies on hydrophobic interactions, with strategies for non-hydrophobic antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the functional aspects of ISCOMs, emphasizing their immunomodulatory effects.
  • To evaluate ISCOMs as adjuvants in various models, including elderly mice and newborns.
  • To assess ISCOMs as a delivery system for mucosal administration.

Main Methods:

  • Functional characterization of ISCOMs in mouse models.
  • Analysis of antigen-presenting cell (APC) activity, including dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages.

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  • Measurement of cytokine production (IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-2, IFNγ, IL-4) and costimulatory molecule expression (MHC class II, B7.1, B7.2).

    • Main Results:

    • ISCOMs significantly enhance antigen targeting, uptake, and activity of APCs.
    • ISCOMs promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulate costimulatory molecules.
    • ISCOMs induce a Th1-biased immune response, with potential for Th2 skewing in specific contexts (e.g., HIV ISCOMs in monkeys).
    • ISCOMs demonstrate efficacy in elderly mice, newborns, and for mucosal delivery, correlating with protection against viral challenge.

    Conclusions:

    • ISCOMs are potent immunomodulators and effective adjuvants.
    • ISCOMs enhance antigen presentation and stimulate both innate and adaptive immune responses.
    • ISCOMs represent a versatile platform for vaccine development, applicable across different age groups and administration routes.