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Solid-phase extraction: method development, sorbents, and coupling with liquid chromatography.

M C Hennion1

  • 1Laboratoire Environnement et Chimie Analytique, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie de Paris, France. marie-claire.hennion@espci.fr

Journal of Chromatography. A
|October 20, 1999
PubMed
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This review updates knowledge on modern solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials and methods. It highlights advancements in sorbent technology, automation, and streamlined procedures for efficient trace analysis in biological and environmental samples.

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a crucial sample preparation technique.
  • Continuous innovation in SPE materials and methodologies is essential for advancing analytical capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated information on new solid-phase extraction (SPE) materials.
  • To discuss their interaction modes and potential in modern SPE applications.
  • To review recent developments in SPE formats, phases, automation, and high-throughput procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in SPE materials, including copolymers, graphitized carbons, and n-alkylsilicas.
  • Discussion of method development strategies based on liquid chromatography retention data and solvation parameters.
  • Exploration of selective phases like mixed-mode, restricted access, immunosorbents, and molecularly imprinted polymers.

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Main Results:

  • Emphasis on a wide choice of sorbents for various polarities and efficient analyte trapping.
  • Successful development of SPE procedures for obtaining interference-free extracts in minimal steps.
  • Demonstration of enhanced selectivity through combined sorbent use (ion-exchange, ion-pair).

Conclusions:

  • Modern SPE offers a fast, reliable approach to trace analysis, particularly with automation and on-line coupling to liquid chromatography.
  • New SPE materials and automated procedures significantly improve efficiency and selectivity in sample preparation.
  • The review covers diverse applications in biological and environmental analysis, showcasing the versatility of advanced SPE techniques.