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Related Experiment Videos

Frames of Reference in Quantity Estimations by Groups and Individuals.

Laughlin1, Bonner, Miner

  • 1University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
|October 21, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Group estimations are more accurate than individual ones, especially when provided with a frame of reference. This cognitive structure enhances group performance on quantity estimation tasks more than individual performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Group performance often exceeds individual performance, particularly on complex tasks.
  • Quantity estimation research traditionally lacks explicit frames of reference.
  • Frames of reference may transform quantity estimation into a world knowledge inference problem.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how frames of reference influence group versus individual estimations.
  • To determine if frames of reference enhance accuracy in quantity estimation tasks.
  • To compare the relative benefit of frames of reference for groups versus individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Participants estimated 30 pairs of quantities under varying frame-of-reference conditions (2 statements, 1 statement, no reference).

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  • Estimations were conducted by individuals and 3-person groups.
  • The same 30 pairs were re-estimated under identical frame-of-reference conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Group estimations were significantly more accurate than individual estimations.
    • Both group and individual estimations improved with a frame of reference compared to no reference.
    • Frames of reference provided a greater relative improvement for group estimations than for individual estimations.

    Conclusions:

    • Frames of reference enhance the accuracy of quantity estimations for both individuals and groups.
    • The beneficial effect of frames of reference is more pronounced for group performance.
    • Providing a cognitive structure (frame of reference) is key to leveraging group intelligence in estimation tasks.