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From DNA sequence to application: possibilities and complications.

G Venema1, J Kok, D van Sinderen

  • 1Department of Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands.

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
|October 26, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Advanced genetic tools have significantly boosted knowledge of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their bacteriophages. This enables the creation of custom genetically modified LAB for practical applications, overcoming societal rather than biological barriers.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Recent advances in genetic tools have greatly expanded understanding of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their bacteriophages.
  • Knowledge has increased regarding gene functions (ORFs) and non-coding DNA in LAB and bacteriophages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental and applied knowledge of LAB and bacteriophages gained through genetic advancements.
  • To highlight the potential applications of this knowledge in developing genetically modified LAB.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of complete nucleotide sequences of LAB bacteriophages.
  • Identification and characterization of LAB open reading frames (ORFs) and transcriptional units.
  • Investigation of non-coding DNA elements, including promoter regions and regulatory sequences.

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Main Results:

  • LAB bacteriophage chromosomes exhibit a modular structure with genes for specific life cycle phases.
  • LAB genes and DNA sequences have been utilized to construct gene expression, integration, and defense systems.
  • Functions of several LAB ORFs and non-coding DNA elements (e.g., terminator-antiterminator pairs, carbon catabolite repression elements) have been elucidated.
  • Potential applications include induced lysis for cheese ripening and targeted amino acid production.

Conclusions:

  • The accumulated knowledge facilitates the construction of tailor-made genetically modified LAB.
  • Societal acceptance, not biological limitations, currently hinders the widespread use of genetically modified LAB.