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Hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-Tc(a)
M A Kowalski1, S R Pierce, R L Edwards
1Community Blood Center of Greater Kansas City, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Missouri 64111, USA. mak@cbckc.org
Transfusion
|October 26, 1999
Summary
Anti-Tc(a) antibodies, typically considered clinically insignificant, caused significant red blood cell destruction in a patient, highlighting their potential to cause hemolytic transfusion reactions.
Area of Science:
- Transfusion Medicine
- Immunology
- Hematology
Background:
- The Cromer blood group system includes the high-incidence Tc(a) antigen.
- Cromer system antibodies are generally not associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions or hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Observation:
- A patient with anti-Tc(a) antibodies received six units of red blood cells.
- Following transfusion, the patient experienced a significant drop in hemoglobin and signs of hemolysis.
- Direct antiglobulin test was positive for complement, and eluates were nonreactive.
Findings:
- Anti-Tc(a) antibodies were detected in the patient's serum.
- No circulating Tc(a+) red blood cells were detected.
- The antibody showed strong reactivity in a monocyte monolayer assay.
Implications:
- This case suggests that anti-Tc(a) antibodies can have destructive potential.
- Clinicians should consider the significance of anti-Tc(a) in transfusion therapy, particularly in specific patient populations.