[Vitamin deficiencies and hypervitaminosis].

Area of Science:

• Nutritional biochemistry and public health.
• Clinical applications of vitamin therapies.
• Epidemiological studies on vitamin-related diseases.

Context:

• Recent research indicates minimal vitamin deficiencies in Japan.
• All-trans-retinoic acid shows efficacy in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia.
• Genetic basis for isolated vitamin E deficiency identified.

Purpose:

• To review current understanding of vitamin deficiencies and therapeutic uses.
• To highlight epidemiological links between nutrition and disease.
• To present established safe intake levels for vitamins.

Summary:

• Vitamin deficiencies are rare in Japan; however, specific conditions like acute promyelocytic leukemia benefit from All-trans-retinoic acid. Gene mutations are linked to vitamin E deficiency, and vitamin K intake is associated with senile osteoporosis in women.
• Thiamin deficiency is noted in alcoholism. Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy is crucial for preventing neural tube defects.
• The Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN) has defined safe vitamin intake levels (NOAEL and LOAEL) to prevent hypervitaminosis.

Impact:

• Provides a comprehensive overview of vitamin research and clinical significance.
• Informs public health strategies regarding vitamin supplementation and intake.
• Establishes guidelines for safe vitamin consumption, preventing adverse effects.