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[New and re-emergent epidemics in the changing surrounding world]
1Infektionskliniken, Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset/Ostra, Göteborg. sten.iwarson@infect.gu.se
Abstract:
In discussion of the emergence of 'new' diseases or the re-emergence of old ones, much attention has been focused on the appearance of hitherto unknown agents versus the transfer of known agents to new populations. The appearance of a new pathogenic microorganism is often assumed to be the result of a change in its genetic properties. Although this may occasionally be the case, in fact most emergent pathogens have already existed in nature. Some occurring in isolated human populations, others well-established in animal species for centuries. Microbial traffic between animals and man is of special interest. Such cross-species transfer of infectious agents is often the result of changes in human behaviour, or in such human activities as deforestation, dam-building and migration.
Insights
Most emergent pathogens are not new but have existed in nature, often in animal species. Human activities like deforestation and migration drive the cross-species transfer of these infectious agents to new populations.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Epidemiology
- Ecology
Context:
- Emerging infectious diseases pose significant public health challenges.
- Focus often lies on novel pathogens or genetic changes in existing ones.
Purpose:
- To explore the origins of emergent and re-emergent infectious diseases.
- To highlight the role of microbial traffic between animal and human populations.
Summary:
- Most emergent pathogens are not novel but pre-existing microorganisms.
- These pathogens are often found in isolated human groups or established animal reservoirs.
- Cross-species transfer is frequently linked to human behavioral changes and activities like deforestation and migration.
Impact:
- Understanding pathogen origins is crucial for effective disease prevention and control strategies.
- Highlights the ecological and behavioral factors influencing zoonotic disease emergence.