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[Dietary fiber: concept, classification and current indications].

P García Peris1, M Camblor Alvarez

  • 1Sección de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.

Nutricion Hospitalaria
|November 5, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Dietary fiber, including soluble and insoluble types, offers distinct physiological effects. Insoluble fiber aids digestion, while soluble fiber supports colon health and positively influences carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Dietary fiber comprises carbohydrates and lignin resistant to human digestive enzymes.
  • Fibers are broadly classified into soluble and insoluble types based on their properties and fermentation.
  • These classifications include fermentable, viscous soluble fiber and non-viscous, barely fermentable insoluble fiber.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of dietary fiber.
  • To explore the physiological effects of different fiber types.
  • To discuss potential clinical applications in oral and enteral nutrition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing bibliography on dietary fiber.
  • Analysis of physiological effects based on fiber classification.
  • Examination of clinical indications for fiber in nutrition.

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Main Results:

  • Insoluble fiber primarily exerts laxative and intestinal regulatory effects.
  • Soluble fiber is highly fermentable, promoting colon trophic effects.
  • Soluble fiber positively impacts glucose and cholesterol metabolism at intestinal and systemic levels.

Conclusions:

  • Fiber classification may require revision, potentially based on polymerization degree.
  • Distinct physiological roles of soluble and insoluble fibers necessitate tailored clinical applications.
  • Understanding fiber's effects is crucial for optimizing oral and enteral nutrition strategies.