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Updated: Oct 12, 2026

An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers
Published on: December 1, 2017
Relative avidities of human immunoglobulin G antibodies for streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins A and B
E M Mascini1, M Jansze, J Verhoef
1Eijkman-Winkler Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Inflammation, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.m.mascini@lab.azu.nl
Abstract:
In this pilot study, we investigated the relative avidities for streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SPE-A) and SPE-B of antibodies in sera from patients with fatal streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome and from healthy individuals and in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations. We observed a great variation in the relative avidities of patient, control, and IVIG immunoglobulin G (IgG) (values estimated to be between 10(-7) and 10(-11) M), with mean values for patient IgG about 10-fold lower than those of control IgG.
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