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Related Experiment Videos

Systemic adenosine increase during cold pressor test is dependent on sympathetic activation.

F L Pasini1, P L Capecchi, M Colafati

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Siena, Italy. laghi@unisi.it

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology
|November 5, 1999
PubMed
Summary

The cold pressor test increases blood pressure and heart rate via sympathetic nervous system activation. Adenosine levels rise due to local ischemia and systemic sympathetic responses, with clonidine impacting these changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Neuroendocrinology

Background:

  • The cold pressor test (CPT) induces hemodynamic changes, including increased arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR), mediated by sympathetic nervous system activation.
  • Adenosine (ADO) is an endogenous nucleoside implicated in local ischemia and sympathetic stimulation, suggesting a potential role in CPT responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether CPT-induced increases in plasma adenosine (ADO) levels result from local ischemia or systemic sympathoexcitatory mechanisms.
  • To explore the bidirectional involvement of ADO formation mechanisms in response to CPT.

Main Methods:

  • Fifteen volunteers underwent the CPT, with measurements of mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), HR, plasma noradrenaline (NA), and ADO in both arms.
  • Subjects were treated for one week with transdermal clonidine, atenolol, or aminophylline, followed by repeat CPT to assess drug effects.

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Main Results:

  • CPT increased MABP, HR, plasma NA, and ADO levels, with greater ADO increases in the tested arm.
  • Clonidine attenuated hemodynamic and NA responses, reducing ADO increases more in the contralateral arm than the tested arm.
  • Atenolol affected MABP and HR but not NA or ADO; theophylline had no effect on CPT responses.

Conclusions:

  • CPT-induced vasoconstriction and ischemia activate the sympathetic system, leading to hemodynamic changes.
  • Elevated plasma ADO during CPT reflects both local ischemic responses and systemic sympathoexcitation.
  • ADO increases are not mediated by beta 1-adrenoceptors, and therapeutic theophylline does not alter CPT responses.