Calcium hydroxide pastes: classification and clinical indications.

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Endodontology
• Materials Science

Background:

• Calcium hydroxide has a long history of use in endodontic treatments.
• Different formulations exist, primarily differing in their delivery vehicles.
• Understanding these variations is crucial for effective clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review diverse calcium hydroxide formulations used in endodontology.
• To analyze the role and properties of various vehicles carrying calcium hydroxide.
• To discuss the impact of added active components on formulation efficacy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ex vivo and in vivo studies.
• Classification of vehicles into aqueous, viscous, and oily categories.
• Analysis of clinical properties influenced by vehicle choice.

Main Results:

• Calcium hydroxide's clinical properties are significantly altered by the vehicle.
• Vehicles can be aqueous, viscous, or oily, each affecting performance.
• Addition of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents modifies formulation effects.

Conclusions:

• The choice of vehicle is critical for optimizing calcium hydroxide performance in endodontics.
• Clinicians can make informed decisions based on formulation characteristics and intended use.
• Further research into novel formulations may enhance endodontic outcomes.