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Pediatric movement disorders
R Saunders-Pullman1, I Braun, S Bressman
1Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
Insights
This article reviews hyperkinetic movement disorders in children, including tremor, dystonia, and Tourette syndrome. It covers their symptoms, causes, genetics, and treatments for better diagnosis and management.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Movement disorders in children involve abnormal motor control, categorized as hyperkinetic (excessive movement) or hypokinetic (decreased movement).
- Hyperkinetic movement disorders present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of hyperkinetic movement disorders in children.
- To discuss the phenomenology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, genetics, and treatment of various hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on pediatric hyperkinetic movement disorders.
- Synthesis of information regarding specific conditions such as tremor, Wilson's disease, dystonia, tics, Tourette syndrome, chorea, myoclonus, neuroleptic-induced movement disorders, and psychogenic movement disorders.
Main Results:
- Detailed descriptions of the clinical features and diagnostic criteria for each disorder.
- Explanation of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and genetic factors contributing to these conditions.
- Overview of current and emerging treatment strategies for managing pediatric hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Conclusions:
- Accurate diagnosis and understanding of the underlying mechanisms are crucial for effective management of pediatric hyperkinetic movement disorders.
- A multidisciplinary approach is often necessary for optimal patient care, integrating genetic, neurological, and therapeutic interventions.
Abstract:
Movement disorders in children encompass disorders of motor control--both hyperkinetic (excessive movement) and hypokinetic (decreased movement). This article focuses on the hyperkinetic movement disorders, particularly tremor, Wilson's disease, dystonia, tics and Tourette syndrome, chorea, myoclonus, neuroleptic-induced movement disorders, and psychogenic movement disorders. Phenomenology of the disorders as well as clinical presentation, basic pathophysiology, genetics, and treatment are discussed.