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The pharmacy screening project--an evaluation of pharmacy-based screening programmes.

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Summary

Most pharmacies offer screening tests, but pharmacists lack knowledge and quality control. Training and improved services are needed for pharmacies to effectively screen for diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

  • Community pharmacies are increasingly involved in public health services.
  • Screening tests offered by pharmacies can improve early disease detection.
  • Understanding the current scope and quality of pharmacy-based screening is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of screening tests offered by pharmacies in Pretoria, Potchefstroom, and Klerksdorp.
  • To identify the types of tests, costs, and patient selection criteria used.
  • To assess pharmacists' attitudes, knowledge, and quality control practices for screening tests.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 155 randomly selected pharmacies in Pretoria and all 43 pharmacies in Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp.
  • Pharmacies were contacted by phone to identify screening services, followed by in-person administration of a questionnaire.
  • Data collected included types of tests, frequency of use, referral practices, and pharmacist knowledge.

Main Results:

  • 57% of pharmacies provided at least one screening test, with blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, and pregnancy tests being most common.
  • Most tests, excluding blood pressure, were performed infrequently (<5 times/week).
  • Pharmacists demonstrated poor knowledge of test characteristics and lacked quality control measures; only 35% kept patient records.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gaps exist in pharmacists' knowledge and quality control for screening tests.
  • Specific training on screening procedures and implementing quality control are essential to improve service quality.
  • Increased population coverage and enhanced pharmacy services are needed for effective disease screening.