Torsion of the gallbladder: laparoscopic identification and treatment

Torsion of the gallbladder is an unusual cause of necrosis of the gallbladder. Since its first description a century ago, its diagnosis prior to operative exploration has been extremely elusive. The diagnostic value of current radiological imaging is limited. In the present report, we describe a case of torsion of the gallbladder in which laparoscopy was used successfully to identify and treat this condition without the usual requirement of open exploration. Additionally, the etiology, incidence, clinical presentation, radiologic studies, and treatment of the condition are reviewed.