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Vaccine injury compensation programs worldwide.

G Evans1

  • 1National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 8A-46, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. gevans@hrsa.gov

Vaccine
|November 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Governments offer vaccine injury compensation programs, covering medical costs and disability for long-term vaccine-related harm. These programs, managed nationally, are increasingly accepted components of public health initiatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Policy
  • Immunization Programs
  • Legal Medicine

Background:

  • Vaccine injury compensation programs (VICPs) are established in approximately a dozen countries.
  • These programs stem from the belief that governments hold a responsibility to individuals harmed by vaccines used in public health.
  • National governments typically manage VICPs, determining eligibility and compensation amounts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the structure, administration, and outcomes of existing vaccine injury compensation programs.
  • To identify key considerations for countries contemplating the implementation of similar programs.
  • To highlight areas for future research to improve VICPs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of administrative structures and eligibility criteria for VICPs across multiple countries.

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  • Analysis of causation standards, typically based on the balance of probabilities.
  • Examination of compensation coverage, including medical costs, disability, and death benefits.

    • Main Results:

    • VICPs often have complex eligibility requirements (age, residency, vaccine type, administration setting, claim timing).
    • Proving causation is challenging due to the lack of specific markers for most vaccine injuries.
    • Long-term effects (over 6 months) are required for compensation, which typically covers medical costs and disability, but rarely pain and suffering.

    Conclusions:

    • Vaccine injury compensation programs are an increasingly accepted part of immunization strategies after nearly four decades.
    • Further research is needed on administrative decision-making, program effectiveness indicators, public/medical attitudes, and manufacturer perspectives.
    • Understanding these aspects will assist other nations in developing their own VICPs.