Estrogenic activity of glycitein, a soy isoflavone

Glycitein (4',7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone) accounts for 5-10% of the total isoflavones in soy food products. The biological activity of this compound has not been reported to date, although numerous studies have been performed with the other soy isoflavones, daidzein and genistein. Glycitein was isolated from soy germ to 99% purity. Weaning female B6D2F1 mice were dosed with glycitein (3 mg/day), genistein (3 mg/day), and diethylstilbestrol (DES) (0.03 microg/day) in 5% Tween 80 by gavage for 4 days. A control group received an equal volume of 5% Tween 80 solution daily. The uterine weight increased 150% with glycitein (p < 0.001), 50% with genistein (p < 0. 001), and 60% with DES (p < 0.001) compared with the control group. DES, 17beta-estradiol, and three isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, and glycitein) were examined for their competitive binding abilities with 17beta-((3)H)estradiol to the estrogen receptor proteins of the B6D2F1 mouse uterine cytosol. The concentrations of each compound required to displace 50% of the ((3)H)estradiol at 5 nM in the competitive binding assay were 1.15 nM DES, 1.09 nM 17beta-estradiol, 0.22 microM genistein, 4.00 microM daidzein, and 3.94 microM glycitein. These data indicated that glycitein has weak estrogenic activity, comparable to that of the other soy isoflavones but much lower than that of DES and 17beta-estradiol.