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Methods for measuring gluconeogenesis in vivo.

S F Previs1, H Brunengraber

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|November 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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New stable isotope techniques offer improved measurement of human gluconeogenesis. The deuterium oxide (2H2O) method is highlighted as practical and accurate, avoiding isotopic exchange artifacts.

Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Research
  • Stable Isotope Technology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of gluconeogenesis is crucial for understanding glucose metabolism.
  • Previous methods using stable isotopes were limited by isotopic exchange artifacts, leading to underestimations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare novel stable isotope-based protocols for quantifying gluconeogenesis in humans.
  • To identify the most practical and accurate method for assessing glucose production.

Main Methods:

  • Mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) using [13C]glycerol or [13C]lactate.
  • MIDA of glucose and lactate during [U-13C6]glucose infusion.
  • Deuterium enrichment (2H) of body water (2H2O) and subsequent 2H-labeling on glucose (C5 and C2).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine glucose turnover and hepatic glycogenolysis rates.

    • Main Results:

    • Four novel techniques for measuring gluconeogenesis are presented and evaluated.
    • The 2H2O method demonstrates significant advantages in practicality and accuracy.
    • The 2H2O technique is not susceptible to isotopic exchange artifacts or hepatic metabolic zonation.

    Conclusions:

    • The 2H2O technique represents a practical advancement for measuring gluconeogenesis in humans.
    • This method overcomes limitations of previous stable isotope techniques.
    • Further research can leverage the 2H2O method for precise metabolic studies.