Obstetrical anesthesia for a parturient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and third ventriculostomy

To describe the anesthetic considerations for a primiparous woman whose history included four neurosurgeries: ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion, evacuation of a subdural hematoma, shunt revision, and third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis.

A 37-yr-old GI, P0 woman with a VP shunt and third ventriculostomy was assessed in the Obstetrical Anesthesia Clinic at 36 wk. gestation to consider analgesic options for labour and delivery and review anesthetic management in the event that an operative delivery was required. A third ventriculostomy had been performed when increased intracranial pressure and neurological symptoms reappeared despite the previous VP shunt. Pregnancy was uneventful and vaginal delivery was anticipated. She presented in spontaneous labour at 40 wk. gestation. She declined analgesia throughout her four and a half hour labour A mediolateral episiotomy was performed to facilitate spontaneous delivery of a 4,182 g female infant. Mother and baby were discharged home without incident after two days. She denied any problems, including headaches, on follow up at two and four weeks.

A review of the literature concerning pregnant patients with shunts found that both regional and general anesthesia has been used with no reports of complications directly related to anesthesia. No published cases describing labour analgesia for patients with third ventriculostomy were found. Two neurosurgeons advised that regional anesthesia was not contraindicated in such patients and that analgesia should be based on obstetrical considerations and the neurological status of the patient.