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Related Experiment Videos

Nutrients differentially regulate multiple translation factors and their control by insulin.

L E Campbell1, X Wang, C G Proud

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Medical Sciences Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, U.K.

The Biochemical Journal
|November 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Insulin activates translation factors differently based on nutrient availability. Overall translation factors (eIF2B, eEF2) need amino acids and glucose, while specific mRNA regulators (p70 S6 kinase, 4E-BP1) only require amino acids.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Biology
  • Nutrient Sensing and Metabolism
  • Protein Synthesis Regulation

Background:

  • Insulin is a key regulator of mRNA translation in mammalian cells.
  • Eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2B and eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2 are critical for overall translation control.
  • Other regulators like p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1 are also modulated by insulin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of nutrients (amino acids and glucose) in insulin-mediated activation of translation factors.
  • To differentiate nutrient requirements for overall translation factors versus specific mRNA regulators.
  • To elucidate the signaling pathways involved in nutrient- and insulin-dependent translation control.

Main Methods:

  • Cell culture experiments exposing mammalian cells to insulin with varying nutrient conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of protein phosphorylation and activity of key translation factors (eIF2B, eEF2, p70 S6 kinase, 4E-BP1).
  • Assessment of insulin signaling pathway activation (Protein Kinase B).

    • Main Results:

    • Insulin activation of eIF2B and eEF2 requires both amino acids and glucose.
    • Insulin activation of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1 requires only amino acids, not glucose.
    • Nutrient availability does not affect insulin's activation of Protein Kinase B.
    • Nutrients do not influence eIF2 phosphorylation or glycogen synthase kinase-3 inactivation.

    Conclusions:

    • Nutrient availability differentially regulates insulin's control over mRNA translation.
    • Overall translation machinery (eIF2B, eEF2) activation by insulin is dependent on both amino acids and glucose.
    • Regulation of specific mRNA translation factors (p70 S6 kinase, 4E-BP1) by insulin requires amino acids and is independent of glucose.
    • These findings highlight the intricate interplay between nutrients and hormonal signaling in cellular function.