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Modulation of respiratory frequency by peptidergic input to rhythmogenic neurons in the preBötzinger complex

P A Gray1, J C Rekling, C M Bocchiaro

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951763, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 24, 1999
PubMed

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Neural Control of Respiration

The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
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Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

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Other Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

Breathing is primarily an involuntary activity regulated by the brainstem respiratory centers. However, it can also be consciously controlled, allowing us to hold our breath or take deeper breaths when needed. This voluntary control is facilitated by the cerebral motor cortex, which bypasses the medullary centers to stimulate the respiratory muscles directly.
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Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

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Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers: