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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

Genome sequence of the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans R1.

O White¹, J A Eisen, J F Heidelberg

¹Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 24, 1999

Summary

The radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans R1 has a large genome with multiple DNA repair systems. This bacterium possesses unique genetic mechanisms for survival under extreme conditions like starvation and radiation.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Genomics
Radiation Biology

Background:

Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is known for its exceptional resistance to radiation and other extreme environmental stresses.
Understanding its genetic makeup is crucial for comprehending its survival mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the complete genome sequence of Deinococcus radiodurans R1.
To identify genetic components contributing to its resistance to DNA damage, starvation, and oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

Whole-genome sequencing of Deinococcus radiodurans R1.
Bioinformatic analysis to identify genes and genetic elements.

Main Results:

The complete genome sequence of D. radiodurans R1 comprises two chromosomes, a megaplasmid, and a small plasmid, totaling 3,284,156 base pairs.
Identification of multiple genetic components involved in DNA repair, DNA damage export, desiccation and starvation recovery, and genetic redundancy.
D. radiodurans R1 possesses a comprehensive suite of systems for DNA repair and stress tolerance within a single cell.

Conclusions:

The genome of D. radiodurans R1 provides insights into its remarkable radioresistance and survival capabilities.
The identified genetic elements highlight the organism's unique adaptations for extreme environments.
Deinococcus radiodurans R1 serves as a model organism for studying DNA repair and stress resilience.