Visceral leishmaniasis masquerading as tuberculosis in a patient with AIDS

We report a case of visceral leishmaniasis presenting as significant lymphadenopathy in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The lymphadenopathy was initially suspected to be tubercular in nature on pathological examination. This report highlights the increasing incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Leishmania co-infection in India, and the importance of demonstrating tubercle bacilli on culture before suggesting a diagnosis of tuberculosis.