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Hepatitis B vaccination among children in inner-city public housing, 1991-1997

D S Lauderdale1, R J Oram, K P Goldstein

  • 1Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Ill 60637, USA. lauderdale@health.bsd.uchicago.edu

JAMA
|November 24, 1999
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) coverage reached 50% in an urban population. Early HBV immunization improved timely receipt of other childhood vaccines, potentially increasing overall vaccination rates.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Public health and epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Universal infant vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was recommended in 1991.
  • Initiation of the HBV vaccine series was advised within days of birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess HBV vaccine coverage in a low-income urban population.
  • To investigate if early-life HBV immunization influences subsequent vaccine uptake.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study utilizing immunization records from the Pediatric Immunization Program.
  • Analysis of 1143 children born between 1991-1997 in a Chicago public housing development, with follow-up to 35 months.
  • Evaluation of on-time receipt for HBV vaccine doses, DTP dose 1, and the 4:3:1 series.

Main Results:

  • On-time HBV vaccination coverage plateaued around 50% for infants born in 1995 or later.
  • Children receiving their first HBV dose within the first month were significantly more likely to receive DTP dose 1 on time (60.1% vs 36.4%).
  • Early HBV immunization was associated with higher rates of completing the HBV series and the 4:3:1 series by 19 months.

Conclusions:

  • HBV vaccine uptake in this urban population reached rates comparable to other vaccines within three years of recommendations.
  • Infant HBV vaccination at birth is linked to timely receipt of other essential childhood vaccines.
  • Early HBV immunization may enhance vaccination completion rates among populations with lower adherence to early childhood vaccine schedules.
Abstract

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